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>>> #You can simply call dict:
>>> a
defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'1': ['b', 'a'], '3': ['b'], '2': ['a']})
>>> dict(a)
{'1': ['b', 'a'], '3': ['b'], '2': ['a']}
# but remember that a defaultdict is a dict
# (with some special behavior, check source):
>>> isinstance(a, dict)
True
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nums = [1, 2, 1, 1, 4, -4, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 7]
dict_in_dict = defaultdict(dict)
for i in range(0, len(nums), 3):
dict_in_dict[nums[i+1]][nums[i]] = -1*nums[i+2]
dict(dict_in_dict)
# result
# {2: {1: -1, 2: -4}, 4: {1: 4}, 5: {2: -7}}
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from collections import defaultdict
# Declare a defaultdict with a default value of 'Unknown'
data = defaultdict(lambda: 'Unknown')
# Assign values to keys
data['name'] = 'John'
data['age'] = 30
# Accessing keys that do not exist returns the default value
print(data['name']) # Output: John
print(data['city']) # Output: Unknown