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Encryption can be synchronous or asynchronous. Synchronous cryptography is mostly used for data at rest, and also for digital signature. Asynchronous cryptography is usually used for data in transit and in cases where encryption and decryption keys need to be shared or exchanged.
asynchronous vs synchronous
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Synchronous tasks happen in order—you must complete the current task before moving on to the next.
Asynchronous tasks are executed in any order or even at once.
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Asynchronous is a non-blocking architecture, so the execution of one task isn't dependent on another. Tasks can run simultaneously. Synchronous is a blocking architecture, so the execution of each operation depends on completing the one before it.