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why string is immutable in java

Loveneesh Chopra answered on October 11, 2022 Popularity 10/10 Helpfulness 1/10

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why string is immutable in java

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In the String constant pool, a String object is likely to have one or many references. If several references point to the same String without even knowing it, it would be bad if one of the references modified that String value. That's why String objects are immutable

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Contributed on Oct 11 2022

Loveneesh Chopra

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In Java, strings are immutable, which means that once a string object is created, its content cannot be changed. Here are the key characteristics and implications of string immutability in Java:

1. **Unmodifiable Content**: The characters or content of a string cannot be modified after the string is created. For example, you cannot change a single character within a string or append characters to an existing string. Any operation that appears to modify a string actually creates a new string with the modified content.

2. **Original String Remains Unchanged**: When you perform operations on strings, such as concatenation or conversion to uppercase, you create new string objects with the desired modifications. The original string remains intact. This behavior is different from some other programming languages where strings are mutable.

3. **Thread Safety**: Immutable strings are inherently thread-safe because multiple threads can safely access and share the same string object without the risk of concurrent modifications. This simplifies multithreaded programming.

4. **Caching**: Immutable strings can be safely cached, which means that if you have a string with a specific value, you can cache it for future use without worrying about its content changing.

5. **Security**: Immutability plays a role in security, especially when handling sensitive information like passwords. Since strings cannot be modified, it's more difficult for unauthorized code to tamper with or reveal the contents of a string.

6. **String Pool**: Java uses a "string pool" (or "string constant pool") to store string literals. This pool allows the reuse of string objects with the same content. Immutability ensures that different parts of your code can safely share the same string objects.

Here's an example illustrating string immutability:

```java
String original = "Hello";
String modified = original.concat(" World"); // Creates a new string with the modified content

System.out.println("Original: " + original); // Original string is unchanged
System.out.println("Modified: " + modified); // New string with modified content

System.out.println(original == modified); // false, they are different string objects
```

In the example above, the `concat` method creates a new string with "Hello World," but the original string "Hello" remains unaltered. This demonstrates the immutability of strings in Java.

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Contributed on Oct 04 2023

Ishan Lahiru

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why string is immutable in java

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