Lock splitting is a technique to reduce Lock contention in multithreading. It is applicable in scenario when one lock is used to

synchronize access to different aspects of the same application.

Sometimes we put one lock to protect the whole array. There can be

multiple threads trying to get the lock for same array. This single

lock on array can cause Lock contention among threads. To resolve

this we can give one lock to each element of the array. Or we can

use modulus function to assign different locks to a small group of

array elements. In this way we can reduced the chance of Lock

contention. This is Lock splitting technique.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-lock-striping-in-java-concurrency/