As the name suggests, the dict() constructor can be used to construct a dictionary. Think of the “constructor” as an operation that gives us a dictionary.

If our keys are simple strings without special characters, we can create entries in the constructor. In that case, values will be assigned to keys using the = operator.

A popular practice is to create an empty dictionary and add entries later.

Let’s refactor the empty_dict and phone_book examples to make them work with dict():