Grammar rules provide the structure and guidelines for using language effectively and accurately. While there are more than 12 grammar rules, here are 12 fundamental rules of English grammar:

Subject-Verb Agreement:

Ensure that the subject and verb in a sentence agree in terms of number (singular or plural). For example, "He walks" (singular) vs. "They walk" (plural).

Punctuation:

Use proper punctuation marks, such as periods, commas, semicolons, and colons, to convey meaning and clarify sentence structure.

Sentence Structure:

Construct clear and complete sentences with a subject, verb, and often an object. Avoid sentence fragments and run-on sentences.

Tense:

Maintain consistent verb tenses within a sentence and throughout a paragraph or text. For example, avoid shifting from past to present tense without reason.

Parts of Speech:

Understand the different parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

Articles:

Use articles (a, an, the) appropriately to specify nouns. "A cat" vs. "The cat" vs. "An apple."

Modifiers:

Place modifiers (adjectives and adverbs) correctly in a sentence to avoid confusion or ambiguity. For instance, "She almost drove the car" vs. "She drove the car almost."

Parallelism:

Maintain parallel structure in lists and series to make sentences easier to read and understand. For example, "I like swimming, hiking, and climbing" should be "I like swimming, hiking, and climbing."

Active vs. Passive Voice:

Use active voice for clarity and directness in most cases. Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action, not the doer.

Possessive Forms:

Use apostrophes to indicate possession correctly. For example, "The dog's tail" (singular possessive) vs. "The dogs' tails" (plural possessive).

Subject-Object Pronouns:

Use the correct pronouns (I, me, he, him, she, her, they, them, etc.) as subjects or objects in sentences.

Capitalization:

Capitalize the first letter of sentences, proper nouns (names, places, titles), and the pronoun "I." Keep other words in lowercase unless specific rules apply.